Laminar flow defines the steady, orderly movement of a liquid in layers. Unlike turbulent flow, where elements move chaotically, laminar flow exhibits predictable patterns. This occurs when an fluid's speed is relatively low and the viscosity persists high. In such a scenario, each band of liquid advances smoothly past its concurrent layer without

From intelligent machines performing everyday tasks to sophisticated companions offering emotional support, the landscape of human interaction is undergoing a profound transformation. While robot technology has been around for decades, recent advancements in artificial intelligence and robotics have propelled these developments into the mainstream.